beads and rods

 Magnetic beads and rods have two elements, dot and line. 

A magnetic bead is a small, round dot.

Atoms are tiny particles that make up everything in the world. They are so small that you can't see them with your eyes, but they are very important because they are what everything is made of.

For example, aluminum atoms are tiny particles that make up a type of metal called aluminum. When lots of aluminum atoms are stuck together, they can make a solid piece of aluminum, like a bar or a roll of aluminum foil.

Aluminum is shiny, strong, and also soft. Some examples of metals include aluminum, iron, copper, silver, and gold. For example, a metal spoon or a metal coin are made of metal.

We can imagine a magnetic bead as a magnified atom. When lots of magnetic beads are stuck together, this is what a piece of metal looks like when magnified. We can press it and feel its strength, we can also stretch it into a piece of foil. We can mix different atoms together to make alloy.

A line segment is a magnetic rod ended by two dots.

Molecules are made up of atoms that are bonded together. Different molecules have different arrangements of atoms, which gives them different properties.

Atoms and molecules are always moving around and bumping into each other. When they bump into each other, they can stick together to make new things. For example, if two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bump into each other, they can stick together to make a water molecule.

• Methane (CH4) is a molecule that is made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. It is a gas that is found in natural gas and is used as a fuel.

• Ethane (C2H6) is a molecule that is made up of two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. It is a gas that is found in natural gas and is used as a fuel.

• Ethylene (C2H4) is a molecule that is made up of two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms. It is a gas that is used to make plastics and other materials.

• Acetylene (C2H2) is a molecule that is made up of two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. It is a gas that is used for welding and cutting metal.

• Benzene (C6H6) is a molecule that is made up of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. It is a liquid that is used to make plastics and other materials.

triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, circle

A triangle is a flat shape with three sides and three angles. 

A square is a flat shape with four sides of equal length and all right angles. 

A pentagon is a flat shape with five sides and five angles. 

A hexagon is a flat shape with six sides and six angles. 

A heptagon is a flat shape with seven sides and seven angles. 

Rotation is a type of transformation that involves turning a shape around a fixed point called the center of rotation. Imagine that you have a toy car on the floor. If you pick up the car and turn it around in a circle, the car is going through a rotation transformation.

Reflection is a way to flip a figure (like a picture on a piece of paper) across a line of symmetry, called the "line of reflection." The figure is reflected across the line of reflection, with each point on one side of the line being mapped to a corresponding point on the other side.

Imagine that you have a piece of paper with a picture drawn on it. If you fold the paper in half and hold it up to a light, you can see the reflection of the picture in the mirror. This is an example of a reflection transformation.

• Triangle: A triangle has rotational symmetry of order 3, which means that it looks the same after a rotation of 120 degrees, 240 degrees, and 360 degrees around its center. It also has reflection symmetry of order 3, which means that it looks the same after a reflection across any of its sides.

• Square: A square has rotational symmetry of order 4, which means that it looks the same after a rotation of 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, and 360 degrees around its center. It also has reflection symmetry of order 4, which means that it looks the same after a reflection across any of its sides or diagonals.

• Pentagon: A pentagon has rotational symmetry of order 5, which means that it looks the same after a rotation of 72 degrees, 144 degrees, 216 degrees, 288 degrees, and 360 degrees around its center. It also has reflection symmetry of order 5, which means that it looks the same after a reflection across any of its sides.

• Hexagon: A hexagon has rotational symmetry of order 6, which means that it looks the same after a rotation of 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, 300 degrees, and 360 degrees around its center. It also has reflection symmetry of order 6, which means that it looks the same after a reflection across any of its sides or diagonals.

A circle is a flat shape with no sides and no corners. The distance from its edge points to its central point is the same. A circle has infinite order of rotational symmetry and reflection symmetry.

Crystals are solid materials that are made up of a repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are often transparent and have a shiny surface. Crystals can be found in nature, such as quartz or diamonds, or they can be made artificially, such as by growing them in a lab. The salt we eat everyday is sodium chloride crystal.

equilateral triangular pyramid, equilateral square pyramid, equilateral pentagonal pyramid, equilateral hexagon pyramid

An equilateral triangular pyramid is a space shape with a triangular base and three triangular faces that are all the same size and shape, and all of the angles are equal (60 degrees). 

An equilateral square pyramid is a space shape with a square base and four triangular faces that are all the same size and shape, and all of the angles are equal (60 degrees). 

An equilateral pentagonal pyramid is a space shape with a pentagonal base and five triangular faces that are all the same size and shape, and all of the angles are equal (60 degrees). 

An equilateral hexagonal pyramid is a space shape with a hexagonal base and six triangular faces that are all the same size and shape, and all of the angles are equal (60 degrees). 

An equilateral heptagonal pyramid is a space shape with a heptagonal base and seven triangular faces that are all the same size and shape, and all of the angles are equal (60 degrees).

An equilateral triangular pyramid has three-fold rotational symmetry about its apex. Since each triangle can be the pyramid base, there are four rotational lines of symmetry. It also has 6 reflection planes.s

An equilateral square pyramid has four-fold rotational symmetry about its apex. It also has 4 reflection symmetry planes.

An equilateral pentagonal pyramid has five-fold rotational symmetry about its apex. It also has 5 reflection planes.

An equilateral hexagonal pyramid has six-fold rotational symmetry about its center. It also has 6 reflection lines.